Despite the strength of liquid chromatography (LC) to separate compounds through well tunable selective retention, its efficiency lags behind gas chromatography (GC) that can deliver up to several millions of plates per column. Resolution improvement in LC should thus be addressed with selectivity optimization first. If samples get too complex, however, this approach is no longer feasible, as improving selectivity in one part of the chromatogram will...

Clenbuterol, a ß<sub>...

Clenbuterol, a ß<sup>...

In contemporary practice, roughly half of all active pharmaceutical ­ingredients (APIs) are administered as salts. The use of the protonated ­or deprotonated form of the drug substance combined with the selection of counterions enables the targeted variation of key parameters, such as solubility and stability. Analysis of the corresponding counterions constitutes an essential part of the development process for new pharmaceuticals and is now an...

Occurance and fate of micropollutants, metabolites and transformation products in the water cycle is placing increasingly higher demands on instrumental analysis in terms of resolution and sensitivity. As yet, effect-directed analysis methods play a subordinate role in water analysis work. Yet for evaluating unknown samples or ingredients, these methods form a perfect complement to instrument-based identification. Indeed, in the detection of estrogenically...

The high health hazard potential of many ­organic solvents is well known to anyone working in a laboratory. Solvent vapours ­can not only endanger people’s health, but also increase the fire and explosion risks for laboratories and buildings, in addition to causing air pollution. This is also the case for analytical and preparative HPLC laboratories.